Abstract
Questions of Japanese ethnic history, as a rule, involuntarily lead the researcher to the problem of the internal controversy of Japanese culture, expressed on the one hand, in its unification, and on the other, in the presence of a multitude of ethnic and cultural layers. This article analyzes the issue of the frontier history of Japan. Although in the foreign historiography of the problem of the Japanese frontier is well studied, this question is practically not covered in the domestic historical science. In his article the author tries to discuss this problem in several aspects: historical and ethnic. The historical aspect is uncovered in the analyses of a number of territories and tribes, which can be referred to the concept of "frontier", i.e. connected with a certain zone of cultural contacts of Japanese with non-Japanese. In the north of the country, they are the Emishu, the Ainu and other groups, and in the south – various ethnic groups of the Ryukyu Islands.
Ethnic aspect is analyzed through the prism of Ainu history and through the process of their incorporation into the all-Japanese national culture. Using as an example the relationship with the Ainu, the author identifies three periods (models) of the Japanese frontier policy: archaic, colonial and modern. The archaic model was a continuation of the Chinese model, built on the dichotomy of the center and periphery. It was dominated by mythopoetic parameters, prescribing a relation to the barbarian in accordance with his place in the world picture. Modernist (colonial) approach was a kind of synthesis of the traditional Japanese and Western style of acting. The modern model is characterized by a revision of a number of events in the past Japanese history and the recognition of some old mistakes.
References
Fogarty, P. (6 June 2008 г.). "Recognition at last for Japan's Ainu". (2. Retrieved June 7, & J. 7. Ito M. Diet officially declares Ainu indigenous// The Japan Times, Ред.) Получено 23 11 2017 г., из http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7437244.stm
Hanihara, K. (1990). Emishi, Ezo and Ainu: An Anthropological Perspective. Japan Review, 35-48.
Hardy, T. (1986). People of the Garden: Aesthetics in Everyday Life in a Tokyo Neighborhood. Tokyo: New School for Social Research.
Hirano, K. (2015). Thanatopolitics in the Making of Japan’s Hokkaido: Settler Colonialism and Primitive Accumulation. Critical Historical Studies, 2, 191-218.
Hok-Lam, C. (1968). The "Chinese Barbarian Officials" in the Foreign Tributary Missions to China during the Ming Dynasty. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 88(3), pp. 411-418.
Hudson, M. (1999). Ruins of Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Mason, M. M. (2012). Dominant Narratives of Colonial Hokkaido and Imperial Japan: Envisioning the Periphery and the Modern Nation-State. New York: Springer.
Matsumoto , H. (1921, Jan. — Mar.). Notes on the Stone Age People of Japan. American Anthropologist, New Series,, Vol. 23(No. 1), pp. 72.
Morris-Suzuki, T. (2001). A Descent into the Past: the Frontier in the Construction of Japanese Identity. В D. Denoon, G. McCormack, M. Hudson, & T. Morris-Suzuki (Ред.), Multicultural Japan: Palaeolithic to Postmodern (стр. 81-94). New York: Cambridge University Pres.
Morris-Suzuki, T. (2015). Re-Inventing Japan: time, space, nation. New York: Routledge.
Ohnuki-Tierney, E. (1980, Autumn). Shamans and Imu: Among Two Ainu Groups Toward a Cross-Cultural Model of Interpretation. Ethos, Vol. 8(No. 3), pp. 204.
Sato, T. (1968). Origins and genetic features of the Okhotsk people, revealed by ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis. Journal of Human Genetics, 52 (7), 618–627.
Sato, T. (2007). Origins and genetic features of the Okhotsk people, revealed by ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis. Journal of Human Genetics(52 (7)), pp.618–620.
Siddle, R. (2009). Aynu. Indigenous people of Japan. (M. Weiner, Ред.) Japan’s minorities: the illusion of homogeneity, 23-24.
Siddle, R. M. (2012). Race, Resistance and the Ainu of Japan. New York: Routledge .
Sjöberg, K. (1993). The Return of the Ainu. Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers.
Takakura, S., & Harrison, J. A. (1960). The Ainu of Northern Japan: A Study in Conquest and Acculturation. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 50, 1-88.
Walker, B. (2001). The conquest of Ainu Lands: Ecology and Culture in Japanese Expansion 1590–1800. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Алпатов, В. М. (2003). Япония: язык и общество. Москва: «Муравей».
Якушенков, С. Н., & Якушенкова, О. С. (2012). Тело варвара: конструирование образа Чужого на китайском фронтире. Каспийский регион: политика, экономика, культура, 4, 233-240.
Якушенков, С. Н., & Якушенкова, О. С. (2013). Изобилие ресурсов как одна из черт фронтирных территорий. Человек. Сообщество. Управление, 1, стр. 4-15.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.