Abstract
The development of the Russian periphery was characterized by the flexibility of the imperial strategy of power in the Early Modern period. Cartographic materials were important in influencing the formation of a spatial model of the region. In the frontier and border zones of Siberia and the north of Central Asia, roads and pathways, as well as their graphical representation on maps, served not only a utilitarian function by providing information about movement routes and trajectories, but also influenced the general concept of the territory by acting as markers for political and economic structures and their borders.
This article focuses on the characteristics of the traffic system description of the south of Western Siberia and the cross-border region in Russian cartographic materials from the first half and middle of the 18th century. The territorial scope of the study is limited to the space of the southern regions of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve area, the regions of the Upper Ob and Upper Irtysh, including parts of the Central Asian territories. The authors concluded that among the directions represented in the maps, the Irtysh meridional road stood out during the first third of the 18th century. Since the late 1720s, the north-eastern and northern roads linking the Altai metallurgical complex with the Kuznetsk, Berdsk, and Moscow tract dominated. Special maps appeared by the middle of the 18th century as a result of the increased importance of the Altai road system, recording the development of transport communication in the region.
References
Apollova, N. G. (1976). Economic development of the Priirtyshie at the end of the 16th – first half of the 19th century. Nauka.
Bobrov, D. S. (2017). Politico-legal mechanisms of development by the Russian state of the Upper Ob‑Irtysh (Altai) in the first half of the 18th century (p. 252) [PhD thesis]. Altai State University.
Borodaev, V. B., & Kontev, A. V. (2000). At the origins of the history of Barnaul. Altai polygraphic combine.
Borodaev, V. B., & Kontev, A. V. (2007). Historical Atlas of the Altai Territory: Cartographic materials on the history of the Upper Priob'ye and Priirtysh'ya (from antiquity to the beginning of the 2st century). Azbuka.
Borodaev, V. B., & Kontev, A. V. (2015). Formation of the Russian border in the Irtysh-Yenisei interfluve in 1620–1720. Altai State Pedagogical University Publishers.
Bulygin, Y. S. (1974). The first peasants in Altai. Altai book publishing house.
Bulygin, Y. S. (2000). Pathways-roads of the Altai in the 18th century. In A. Skubnevsky (Ed.), Altai collection. Issue 20 (pp. 5–23). Altai Polygraphic Combine.
Chorographic Drawing Book of Siberia by S.U. Remezov (Vol. 1). (2011). Foundation for the Revival of Tobolsk.
Demidova, N. F., & Myasnikov, V. S. (1966). The First Russian Diplomats in China (I. Petlin's “Rospis” and F.I. Baikov's article list). Nauka.
Dunets, A. N., Isaev, V. V., Rygalova, M. V., & Kolokoltsev, M. G. (2017). Roads of the Altai Territory: From the first versts to the present day. Altai State Technical University Publishers.
Fel, S. E. (1960). Cartography of Russia in the 18th century. Geodesizdat.
Gmelin, I. G. (2003). Trip along the Ore Altai in August-September 1734. In Kuznetskaya starina. Issue 5 (pp. 86–107). Kuznetskaya Fortress.
Gnucheva, V. F. (1946). Geographic Department of the Academy of Sciences of the 18th century. Publishers of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Goldenberg, L. A. (1965). Semen Ulyanovich Remezov – Siberian cartographer and geographer. Nauka.
History of Kazakhstan in Russian Sources of the 16th – 20th Centuries: Volume IV. (2007a). Dyke Press.
History of Kazakhstan in Russian Sources of the 16th – 20th Centuries: Volume V. (2007b). Dyke Press.
Isupov, S. Y. (1999). Biysk: Ostrog, fortress, city. SIC BSPI.
Karonnov, V. A. (2015a). Pimen Startsov's quest for a land route to the Alei River in 1749 (Using GAAK cartographic materials to reconstruct the process). In Siberian Archives in the Scientific and Information Space of Modern Society: Materials of an Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference (pp. 33–36). Management of state archival service of Novosibirsk region.
Karonnov, V. A. (2015b). Cartographic materials of the second quarter of the XVIII century as a source for the study of the road network of the Upper Priobye. In Voprosy historii Sibiriia [Issues of the History of Siberia]. Issue 11 (pp. 3–7). Published by the Omsk State Pedagogical University.
Kationov, O. N. (2004). Moscow-Siberian tract and its inhabitants in the 17th – 19th centuries. Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University.
Kationov, O. N., & Konovalova, E. N. (Eds.). (2019). Consolidated Catalogue of Manuscript Maps of Siberia and the Far East from the Seventeenth to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century: A Reference Edition. Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Publisher.
Kationov, O. N., Smagin, R. Yu. & Voronina, A. A. (2012). Manuscript maps of Siberia in the 18th – early 20th century. In Russian archives, museums, and libraries. Humanities in Siberia, 3, 53–56.
Katsionov, O. N. (2019). Maps of Altai – a source of visual information on the history of Siberian exploration in the XVIII–XX centuries (From the experience of the Consolidated Catalogue of Maps of Siberia). In Actual Issues of the History of Siberia. Twelfth Scientific Readings in Memory of Professor A.P. Borodavkin: Collection of Scientific Papers (pp. 157–161). Azbuka.
Kontev, A. V. (2010). Objects of mining production of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk department on the maps of the 18th century. In Regional Studies and Tourism: Materials of the Regional Scientific and Practical Conference (pp. 188–215). AGPA.
Kontev, A. V. (2013a). Administrative-territorial division of the south of Western Siberia in the first half of the 18th century. Proceedings of the Altai State University, 4–1, 29–33.
Kontev, A. V. (2013b). Cartographic materials of I.G. Gmelin and G.F. Miller as sources for the history of the formation of mining and metallurgical production in Altai. Vestnik of Novosibirsk State University. Series: History, Philology, 12(1), 39–43.
Kontev, A. V. (2022). Verkhneye Priob'ye and Priirtyshye on ancient maps (16th – 17th centuries). Altai State Pedagogical University. https://doi.org/10.37386/978-5-907487-11-6
Maloletko, A. A. (2010). Survey by Ivan Denisov for the road from Zmeevsky mine to Kabanovskaya pier (1753). Bulletin of Tomsk State University, 334, 166–168.
Maloletko, A. A. (2014). Physico-geographical preconditions for the formation of the road-transport network of the Kolyvan-Voskresenskaya defensive line in the 18th century. Geography and Nature Management of Siberia, 17, 101–107.
Maloletko, A. A. (2015). Altai mountain district in the 18th century (Transportation systems). n. p.
Mukaeva, L. N. (2014). Gorno-Altaisky conductors in exploratory expeditions of pre-Soviet time (to the problem statement). In History and Culture of the Peoples of Southwestern Siberia and Adjacent Regions (Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China): Materials of the international scientific-practical conference (pp. 340–348). RIO GASU.
Ogurtsov, A. Y. (1999). Irtysh border line. In Kuznetskaya starina. Issue 3 (pp. 19–35). Kuznetsky fortress.
Ogurtsov, A.U. (2007). On the Kuznetsky Line. In Kuznetskaya starina. Vol. 9 (pp. 40–67). Kuznetsky Fortress.
Pokrovsky, N. N. (1996). Siberia in the travel descriptions of G.F. Miller. The Siberian Chronograph.
Potanin, G. N. (1867). Materials for the history of Siberia. Imperial Society of the History and Antiquities of Russia at Moscow University.
Remezov, S. U. (2003). The drawing book of Siberia, compiled by Semen Remezov, a boyar son of Tobolsk, in 1701 (T. 1). Federal Service of Geodesy and Cartography of Russia; Russian State Library.
Rosen, M. F. (1976). The top of the Ob River and the Teletskoe Lake on the first drawings and maps of Siberia. In Countries and Peoples of the East. Issue XVIII (pp. 234–298). Nauka.
Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. (1720). F. 192. In. 1. Tobolsk Province. C. 34. Part 1–3.
Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. (1722–1723). F. 192. In. 1. Tobolsk Province. C. 35.
Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. (1735). F. 192. In. 1. Tobolsk Province. C. 29.
Soboleva, T. N., & Bobrov, D. S. (Eds.). (2016). Historico-geographical images of Altai in the works of scientists, travelers and officials in the 18th – early 20th century. Azbuka.
Soboleva, T. N., Afanasyev, P. A., Kukharenko, A. E., & Bobrov, D. S. (2012). Exploitation of natural resources of the Altai by the Imperial Cabinet as a factor in the development of the Russian monarchy (18th – beginning of 20th century). Azbuka.
State Archives of Altai Krai (SAAK). (1748–1760). F. 1. In. 1. C. 29.
State Archives of Altai Krai (SAAK). (1749a). F. 50. In. 21. C. 936a.
State Archives of Altai Krai (SAAK). (1749b). F. 50. In. 21. C. 936b.
State Archives of Altai Krai (SAAK). (1750). F. 50. In. 21. C. 936.
State Archives of Altai Krai (SAAK). (1758). F. 50. In. 21. C. 937.
Umansky, A. P. (1999). Kuznetsk and the Altai ostrogi. In Kuznetskaya Starina. Issue 3 (pp. 3–18). Kuznetsk fortress.
Veselovsky, N. I. (Ed.). (1887). The embassy of artillery captain Ivan Unkovsky and his travel journal for the years 1722–1724 to Tsevan Rabtanu of Zyungar khun-taichi. Printery of V. Kirshbaum.
Vilkov, O. N. (1967). Handicrafts and trade in Western Siberia in the 17th century. Nauka.
Vorobyeva, I. A., Maloletko, A. M., & Rosen, M. F. (1980). Historical cartography and toponymy of Altai. Tomsk University Press.
Zaitseva, L. G., & Bobrov, D. S. (2021). Communication Routes of Upper Irtysh Region of 17th – early 18th centuries in “Horographic Book” and “Drawing Book of Siberia” by S. U. Remezov. Nauchnyi dialog, 12, 344–362. https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-12-344-362
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.