Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Issues of charity, and in particular, orphanhood, were among the priorities of Russia’s imperial policy, which sought to extend these to the Turkestan Governor-Generalship established in 1867. This article analyzes the problems that arose in the Syrdarya regional guardianship and Tashkent orphanages at the turn of the 19th to 20th century. These problems concerned all aspects of children’s lives. The paper is based on archival material introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The research itself is grounded in the theory of frontier modernization, which stipulates the Russian Empire’s ambition to upgrade its national suburbs, raising them to its own level.
In the territory of the Syrdarya region there was the capital of the Turkestan Governor-Generalship situated – the city of Tashkent, where two orphanages operated under the Department of the Institutions of Empress Maria. As a result of the efforts made by the Syrdarya regional guardianship from 1895 to 1917 in the Kaufman and Alexander orphanages, the number of children cared for increased, supplies improved, new houses were built, the territory of the houses was expanded to include gardens and vegetable patches, and the medical care improved. By teaching children physical labor, educators contributed to the social adaptation of orphans. The only aspect that could not be ameliorated, and thus became a major issue for the department of young children of the Kaufman Orphanage, was a very high infant mortality rate, which continued to rise over the years.
References
Alikeeva, G. M., Shakhieva, A. M., & Sayatova, A. S. (2017). Istoriya popechitel'stva i sotsial'noy zashchity detey-sirot v g. Vernom (1879-1917). Vestnik Kazakhskogo natsional'nogo meditsinskogo universiteta, 3, 405–409. (In Russian).
Brezhneva, S. N. (2023). Opyt raboty pervogo detskogo priyuta v Turkestane vo vtoroy polovine XIX – nachale XX v. (Na primere Semirechenskogo popechitel'stva). Sem'ya i detstvo v povsednevnoy zhizni: istoriya i sovremennost', T. 2, Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, 6–8 aprelya 2023 g., Sankt-Peterburg, 50–56. (In Russian).
Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire (PSZ RI). Coll. 2. St. Petersburg. (1840). Vol. XIV. No 13031. (In Russian).
Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire (PSZ RI). Coll. 3. St. Petersburg. (1894). Vol. XI. No 7930. (In Russian).
Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire (PSZ RI). Coll. 3. St. Petersburg. (1896). Vol. XVI. No 13518. (In Russian).
Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire (PSZ RI). Coll. 3. St. Petersburg. (1899a). Vol. XV. No 12103. (In Russian).
Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire (PSZ RI). Coll. 3. St. Petersburg. (1899b). Vol. XVI. No 12591. (In Russian).
Dashkevich, L. A. (2018). Labor Education in the Rural Shelters of the Perm Province in late XIX – early XX centuries. Pedagogical Education in Russia, 5, 6–12. https://doi.org/10.26170/po18-05-01 (In Russian).
Kovaleva, L. A. (2008). Detskie priyuty kak forma pomoshchi bednym v Kostromskoy gubernii. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pedagogika. Psikhologiya. Sotsiokinetika, 14(5), 237–242. (In Russian).
Morozova, E. V. (2014). The System of Social Assistance to Orphans in Kazan Province During the Zemstvo (Local Government in Russia). Current Pediatrics (Moscow), 13(5), 14–16. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1897-1900). F. 763. In. 3. C. 59. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1902). F. 763. In. 3. C.129. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1903). F. 763. In. 3. C. 190. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1904). F. 763. In. 3. C. 251. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1905). F. 763. In. 3. C. 313. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1906). F. 763. In. 3. C. 376. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1907). F. 763. In. 3. C. 436. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1908). F. 763. In. 3. C. 494. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1909). F. 763. In. 3. C. 554. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1910). F. 763. In. 3. C. 616. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1911). F. 763. In. 3. C. 684. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1912). F. 763. In. 3. C. 749. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1913). F. 763. In. 3. C. 810. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1914). F. 763. In. 3. C. 870. (In Russian).
Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA). (1915). F. 763. In. 3. C. 896. (In Russian).
Savchuk, G. V. (2006). Detskie priyuty v sisteme uchrezhdeniy imperatritsy Marii (po materialam gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Rostovskoy oblasti). Bulletin of Hgher Education Institutes. Northern-Caucasus Region. Social Sciences, 3, 31–37. (In Russian).
Seliutina, E. N. (2014). Creation and Activities of Establishment of Department of the Empress Maria Fedorovna for Contempt of Children in the Oryol Province of Sulfurs. XIX – the Head of the XX centuries. Scientific Notes of Orel State University, 1, 331–335. (In Russian).
Sirenko, Yu. V. (2008). The Organisation of Labour and Professional Training in the Orphanages of Ufa`s Province, in the Late 19th – Early 20th Century. The Herald of South-Ural state Humanities-Pedagogical University, 8, 82–91. (In Russian).
Slugina, N. V. (2012). Charitable Social and Pedagogical Institutions for Children in Tula and Tula Province at the end of XIX – the beginning of XX centuries. Izvestiya Tula State University, 3, 448–453. (In Russian).
Volkov, I. V. (2017). On Institutions of Public Charity in Turkestan: Historical-Legal Aspect. Vlast', 25(12), 137–142. (In Russian).
Zakolodnaja, V. N. (2011). State and Society in the Organization of Social Help to Orphans in St. Petersburg and the Province During the Second Half of XIX – early XX centuries. Pushkin Leningrad State University Journal, 4(3), 145–150. (In Russian).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.