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Аннотация
Автор анализирует трансформации сообщества алавитов в контексте развития национализма и его основных политических производных, в том числе «нации» и «национального государства». Эта статья представляет собой попытку перенести западные принципы и методы исследований национализма в восточные и неевропейские контексты. Автор, с одной стороны, использует подходы, предложенные для анализа генезиса капитализма и фашизма, а с другой – трансплантирует их в восточные политические контексты. Автор предполагает, что западные теоретические подходы к изучению национализма применимы к анализу истории алавитов. Предполагается, что алавиты, в отличие от других сирийских арабов, приблизились к пониманию самих себя как воображаемого сообщества и изобрели свои политические традиции. Объективные исторические предпосылки для трансформации этого сообщества в нацию отсутствовали или были минимальными. Внешние негативные факторы, в том числе непризнание алавитов другими мусульманами, стимулировали социальные и экономические преобразования, ускорили модернизацию этого сообщества, вдохновили его на консолидацию и способствовали развитию авторитарного политического режима в Сирии. Алавиты актуализировали интеллектуальные тактики и стратегии, которые позволили им «вспомнить» нацию в отличие от других сирийских арабов, которые предпочли «забыть» нацию, потому что ценности и принципы уммы имели большее значение и были более привлекательными для них.
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